The Visitor's Guide to Bristol County

FALL RIVER

WHAT ITS NAME SUGGESTS- SITUATION-THE PONDS AND RIVER-THE MILLS AND TENEMENTS-THE FIRST FACTORIES- DEVELOPMENT OF THE COTTON INDUSTRY- ORGANIZATION OF THE CORPORATION- LOCATION OF THE MILLS- INCORPORATION AND BOUNDARIES- MOUNT HOPE BAY AND THE HARBOR- SHIPPING- RAILROADS -TIIE WATERWORKS-CHURCHES- SOCIAL PHENOMENA-THE UNDERGROUND RIVER-VIEWS FROM THE HILLSIDES-WALKS ABOUT TOWN.

THE name Fall River suggests to the mind of the reader various things, according to the phases of its life and business with which he has been brought in contact. The traveler will associate it with the great line of Sound steamers to New York, having Fall River for their eastern port, and known far and wide its name; the business man and those interested in manufactures will

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Refer to it as the chief cotton manufacturing centre in the country; the general reader will best remember it as the place where the work people are always striking; while thoseinterested in social and industrial reforms will think of it as a community in which are presented on an extensive scale many of the phenomena that form the ground- work of the current economic discussions. But none of these impressions alone do justice to Fall River, as while it has all these various characteristics, it is a progressive, well-ordered city, with good schools, many municipal improvements and conveniences, and contains an industrious population.

The city lies on the eastern border of Mount Hope Bay, at the mouth of the Taunton River, and the greater portion is built on hillsides rising quite abruptly from the water's edge to a height of more than one hundred and fifty feet. From the summits of these hills the country extends back in a comparatively level table-land, on which a large section of the city now stands, and two miles eastward from the shore lies a chain of deep and narrow ponds, eight miles long, of an average width of three-quarters of a mile, and covering an area of 3,500 acres. These ponds are supplied by springs and brooks, draining a water- shed of 20,000 acres, and are connected with the sea by a stream which, originally flowing unconfined over an almost level course for more than a mile, in the last half-mile of its progress rushes down the hillside in a narrow, precipitous, rocky channel. In this distance the total fall is about 132 feet. and the volume of water 122 cubic feet per second.

The Indian names of the lakes, Watuppa, meaning place of boats, and of the river, Quequechan-falling water-have been retained, and the term Fall River is but a prosaic translation of the poetic aboriginal appellation, Quequeteant-place of falling water-which was applied to the locality.

Fall River is the principal seat of the cotton manufacture in the United States, nearly one- seventh of the entire amount being carried on in its borders.. Massive factories, each several hundred feet in length, and five and six stories in height, the majority of them built of granite, loom up in every section of the city and suburbs, and in their neighborhoods are the house inhabited by the operatives, consisting in many instances of long buildings, or large detached blocks in rows similar to the factory villages through out New England, although in Fall River they are on a much larger scale, *and some of the tenement blocks are as large as small factories elsewhere. These houses are mostly built of wood. although in a few instances they are of brick, and belong to the mill corporations. The number of corporations engaged in the cotton Manufactoring is thirty- eight. owning fifty-seven mills, containing 1,823,472 spindles and 41,419 looms, and employing 19,195 persons. The production of print cloths is the leading specialty, but in the past few years the making of wide i??? goods, sheetings, twills, lawns, and various fancy patterns has been introduced. These goods have met with ready sale because the development of taste has created a demand for a greater variety of style than had formerly been manufactured. Besides the cotton corporations there are twenty others, not including railroad, steamboat, and telephone companies, engaged in various industries, namely, calico printing, bleaching and dyeing of cotton goods, manufacture of cotton and other machinery cotton thread, woolen goods, comforters, felt, hats, hoots, shoes, etc.

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In the spring of this year, 1888 another mill corporation, the Hargreaves, Noms organized, and immediately began the erection of a mill at the Flint Village. The Sagamore corporation also began the construction of a mill on the site of one burned several years since; the Borden City corporation started to build their third mill, and the Stafford corporation went to work on their second mill, four factories being thus in process of construction during the spring and summer of 1888. These new mills are both longer and wider than the majority of their predecessors, and when finished will make the number of cotton corporations in the city thirty-nine, and of mills, sixty-one.

A few statistics of the cotton business will bring out some intersecting points. The pay roll per week in 1887 was $1 18,005; the weekly production of print cloths was 175,000 pieces; the yards of cloth produced was 480,500.000; bales of cotton consumed, 210,550; tons of coal, 159,550; gallons of oil, 1 72,350; and pounds of starch , 1,981,000. To run the mills, I I water-wheels were in operation, of a total of 1,555 horse- power, and 106 steam- engines of a total horse- power of 36,805.

The remarkable advantages of the Quequechan as a mill stream have been utilized the fullest extent and at present its banks from the ponds to the sea are lined with cotton factories. From the brow of the hill to the foot, these succeed each other so rapidly as scarcely to leave space between the buildings for light and air, and here, also, they are all built directly across the stream, most of the water-wheels of the older factories being placed in its bed. The river is uniform in its water supply and has never been subject to freshets, so that the building of the mills in this manner was perfectly safe. All the first mills were situated on the lower part of the stream from the brow of the hill downward.

In the year 1813, near the central part of what is now Fall River was a small village of three hundred inhabitants, known by the name of Troy. There were about thirty dwelling- houses, three saw mills, four grist mills, a fulling mill, a blacksmith with trip-hammer, several small stores; and a few small sloops constituted all the shipping. In that year, attracted by the unrivaled water- power, two manufacturing companies organized, and each erected a good sized cotton mill. One company, the Troy Cotton Manufactory, built its mill at the head of the falls, and the other, the Fall River Manufactory, built one nearly half way down the hill.

Between 1820 and 1830, several other companies were organized and erected factories on the stream. In 1821, the Fall River Iron Works were established, occupying the lowest water- power, and for four decades this corporation exercised the controlling influence in building up and directing the industries of the place. Its managers and owners were the large land owners and leading capitalists, and the corporation owned all that part of the shore line most eligible for wharfage, so that this concern held the growing community in its arms.

In 1825, for the purpose of the preservation and control of the water- power the Watuppa Reservoir Company was formed, and in 1832, they built a dam wo feet in height, above the dam of the Troy Company and just south of the present Troy building on Pleasant Street. This dam was built of quarried stone and occasioned a flowage of the low Iands along the river banks, back to the mouth of the ponds, evidences of which can be clearly seen to the present day.

In 1859, a movement was begun which had a great influence on the future development of Fall River, and took eventually, the controlling interest in its affairs out of the hands of the Iron Works Company. In that year, the Union Mills Company was started, the first corporation to raise its capital by general subscription, and such was the success of this venture, that in a few years other similar companies were formed, until today, the Fall River factories are all operated by joint stock corporations, and the business could not probably have been developed to its present immense proportions except through this means of combining multitudes of small resources. Up to 1868, seven more corporations were organized, some of them building more than one mill, and all were very prosperous. The years 1871-1872, however, showed the most remarkable development of these corporations, as in that period fifteen were organized, factories erected involving an out lay of $13,000,000, adding 500,000 spindles to those previously in operation furnishing work for 6,ooo people, and thereby adding to the population of the city 20,000 persons. In 1865, Fall River had fifteen cotton mills with only 241,218 spindles; in 1875, there were thirty- eight mills with 1,280,000 spindles, and during this same period the production of cotton cloth had increased from 30,000,000 to 330,000,000 yards per annum.???

The introduction of the principle of public subscription to the stock of the mill corporations in the case of the Union Mills was still further developed in 1867, when the Merchants Manufacturing Company was organized with a capital of $800,000 divided among 250 stockholders, and the Mechanics Mills in 1868, with a capital of $750,000, and 328 stockholders, no one of whom owned more than $2,500. The older mills, those built previous to 1860, were nearly all located on the river on the last half- mile of its course, and were at-first operated entirely by water- power. The mills built between 1860 and 1870 were mostly located on the banks of the river, from the brow of the hill back to near the head where it issued from the ponds, and wereall steam- mills. Some of those built in 1871-1872 and subsequently, were also erected in this region; others in the northern sections of the city on the banks of the Taunton River, and the remainder on Laurel Lake, a small body of water between the territory of Fall River and Tiverton to the south.

The mills in Fall River are located in groups, namely, those on the river; those at Bowenville, at the north; those at Globe Village, at the south, and a small number on the shores of Mount Hope Bay. The oldest group is that on the lower part of the river, beginning at the bottom, with the Metacomet, then following, are the Annawan, Fall River Manufactory, Watuppa, Quequechan, Pocasset, and Troy mills, all of them below the dam built in 1832, which increased the fall by two feet.

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On the stream above the dam, following nearly to its head along its east side, are the Wamsutta, three Union, three Durfee, two Granite, the Crescent, line, and presents some of the most beautiful scenery on the Narragansett shores. As a roadstead it is broad enough to shelter navies, sufficiently deep for the largest vessels, and by its land-locked position is protected from storms on all sides. The harbor of Fall River at the mouth of the Taunton River is safe and commodious. Considerable coasting trade comes here, and a small number of foreign vessels annually arrive, bearing machinery or supplies for the mills. The main shipping is by the Fall River Line to New York, which during the year, besides its large passenger travel, carries an immense amount of merchandise. The Winsor Line also dispatches freight steamers from this port to Philadelphia and does a good business. The Fall River and Providence Steamboat Company have run steamers for freight and passengers between the two cities since 1828.

The railroad advantages of Fall River are more than usually good. Along the whole extent of the water front the tracks of the Old Colony Rail- run, making tide water connection possible at any point. This fact enables the line of Sound Steamers to handle freight and passengers without any loss of time or energy, and makes this route a favorite one between Boston and New York. By the Old Colony Railroad Fall River is fifty miles from Boston and nineteen from Newport. Trains also run direct to Providence by the railroad bridge over the Taunton River above Bowenville, and thence to Warren, where connection is made with the Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad. A railroad from New Bedford enters the city from the east, passing in over the " narrows " between the northern and southern sections of the Watuppa Pond, and then on a track built on piles on the border of the original channel of the Quequechan River, but on land that had been flowed by the building of the dam in the early manufacturing history of the place. By this means its terminus is near the heart of the city, on the summit of the elevated plateau, but on account of this elevation no connection can be formed through the city with the main line of the Old Colony Railroad.

Fall River has an excellent system of water works, which were first put in operation January, 1874. The water is pumped directly from the North Watuppa Pond on the western shore, a short distance north from the Flint Village, and is much purer than that supplied to most of the cities in the country, analyzing only 1.80 grains of solid matter per gallon, which is accounted for by the fact that the pond is in a very spars settled territory. Two powerful engines supply the power for pumping, and two stand- pipes in a tower on a hill several hundred yards from the pond give a sufficient head of water to reach the highest points of the city. Looking out from Main Street along Bedford, this tower can be seen. At a height of seventy- two feet above the base of the tower, and 324 feet above the sea level is a balcony, three feet wide, from which is had a very extended view in every direction, covering the cities of New Bedford, Taunton, and Providence, and most of the country within a radius of twenty miles. The whole height of the tower from the base to the vane is 121 feet.

The city has seven national banks, four savings banks, a loan and trust company, and two cooperative banks, the latter being in reality building associations; it has excellent police and fire departments; its streets are lighted by gas and electricity, and it has a fine public library of 30,ooo volumes.

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line, and presents some of the most beautiful scenery on the Narragansett shores. As a roadstead it is broad enough to shelter navies, sufficiently deep for the largest vessels, and by its land- locked position is protected from storms on all sides. The harbor of Fall River at the mouth of the Taunton River is safe and commodious. Considerable coasting trade comes here, and a small number of foreign vessels annually arrive, bearing machinery or supplies for the mills. The main shipping is by the Fall River Line to New York, which during the year, besides its large passenger travel, carries a immense amount of merchandise. The Winsor Line also dispatches freight steamers from this port to Philadelphia and does a good business. The Fall River and Providence Steamboat Company have run steamers for freight and passengers between the two cities since 1828.

Fall River has an excellent system of water works, which were first put in operation January, 1874. The water is pumped directly from the North Watuppa Pond on the western shore, a short distance north from the Flint Village, and is much purer than that supplied to most of the cities in the country, analyzing only 1.80 grains of solid matter per gallon, which is accounted for by the fact that the pond is in a very sparsely settled territory. Two powerful engines supply the power for pumping, and two stand- pipes in a tower on a hill several hundred yards from the pond give a sufficient head of water to reach the highest points of the city. Looking out from Main Street along Bedford this tower can be seen. At a height of seventy-two feet above the base of the tower, and 324 feet above the sea level is a balcony, three feet wide, from which is had a very extended view in every direction, covering the cities of New Bedford, Taunton, and Providence, and most of the country within a radius of twenty miles. The whole height of the tower from the base to thevane is 121 feet.

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No better illustration of the diversified character of the population could be afforded than the fact that in the city fourteen denominations are represented, worshiping in thirty- seven churches. The largest number of any one denomination is of the Roman Catholics, who have nine churches. Next come the Methodist Episcopal with seven, one of which is of colored people; followed by the Episcopal, with four; the Congregational, four, of which one is French; the Christian, three; the Baptist and Presbyterian, each two; and one each of Unitarians, Primitive Methodists, Swedenborgians, Reorganized Society of Jesus Christ, and Society of Friends.

The social phenomena presented in Fall River have at various times attracted wide- spread attention, particularly when one of the periodic strikes of the factory operatives has been in progress. While no different social conditions are exhibited here from those existing in other manufacturing centres, the facts are more fully emphasized because of the scale on which they move, and the greater contrasts thereby afforded..

The river for some distance back from the brow of the hill is now an unstream, and to follow its course and recount its daily adventures and accomplishments would require the imagination of a Jules Verne or a Rider Haggard to do it justice. What it accomplishes is, in reality, far more wonderful than any of the marvelous things told in story of the magic of Aladdin's lamp or the accomplishment of the genii in the Arabian Nights. Its waters move through dark passages, over ledges and precipices, and directed by the cunning brain and hand of man, work to such good purpose that for more than three hundred days a year by the magic of their power, countless spindles revolve and looms clatter and bang, producing clothing in abundance for the nations of the 'Barth and the inhabitants of the isles of the sea, and adding greatly to the riches and conveniences of men. Let us follow its course, making only such an examination as a flying visit will warrant. In the rear of the Troy building, corner of Pleasant and Fourth streets, the river first begins its underground journey, flows beneath the building then under Pleasant Street, emerging to the light of day on the north side of the street. Keeping above ground for a short distance, it disappears underneath the Troy Mill, where it first began its labors and still carries on its daily toil. Emerging again for a longer period than before, it flows past the rear of the new post-office and dives under Second Street, passes along by the foundations of the City Hall, under Main Street and the Granite Block, and becomes once more visible just before passing underneath the Quequechan Mill. From this point on, it appears and disappears so rapidly and frequently that only a most painstaking quest will discover all its phases bu the evidences of its labors are ever present in the immense factories beneath which its force is employed. After spending itself through all the succession of mills on the hillside, it at last emerges in a small basin at the foot of the hill, meeting and mingling with the tide.

The reason of Fall River's situation on the sides and summits of a range of hills, from many of its streets magnificent views are had of Mount Hope Bay and shore, of the country beyond, of portions of the city itself, and of the distant waters and islands of lower Narragansett Bay and the reaches of tile Taunton River. Probably the very best place from which to obtain a comprehensive view of the whole city with its settings of bay, river, and lakes, is from the observatory of the new High School. Westward lies the bay in all its beauty. while at our feet is the populous portion of the city. To the southeast is the populous table- land of the city, with the mills along the river, and the Flint Village in the distance, the most conspicuous object being the stand- pipe tower and the pumping station on the shore of the North Watuppa Pond. Southwest are seen, looming up against the sky, the mills at the Globe Village. Unequaled views are also obtained from the upper portion of Rock Street.. From Highland Avenue, which runs along the brow of the hills to the north, there is a fine outlook on the Taunton River. Eight Rod Way which extends over the bills in a southern direction affords the best views of the great granite factories to be had in the City, and Broadway which runs from the Ferry Street station to the Globe Village, along the slope of the hills, brings the spectator into the immediate and continued presence of the greater portion of Narragansett Bay.

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Feasibility of building a road along the shores of the bay, commencing at the southern terminus of Bay Street and extending in a southerly direction over Tiverton territory, has been agitated and it would indeed make a most beautiful drive, for it is difficult to find in summer- time a more pleasing stretch of shore than in this locality.

One of the best starting points for the stranger desiring to see the city is the Ferry Street station of the Old Colony Railroad. This is situated but a few hundred feet from the water front, and within a short distance of the largest group of mills and the central part of the city. The large mills seen from the platform to the west between the railroad and the shore are those of the American Linen Company, so called from the fact that during the first six years of the existence of the company, from 1852 to 1858, linen was manufactured, but since then they have been engaged in the production of cotton goods. Crossing the railroad, a few yards north of the station, running past the north side of the mills to the water, is Ferry Street, so named from the fact that when the Fall River and Warren Railroad was built, in 1865, a steam ferry- boat plied between its terminus on the opposite side of the river and the slip at the foot of this street, and continued to run until the completion of the Old Colony Railroad bridge over the river at Slade's Ferry, two miles above, in 1875.

Crossing the railroad at its intersection with Ferry Street, we enter Water Street, and pass on a long bridge over Grab Pond. To the left, on the shore are the Fall River Iron Works, and a short distance further, on Water Street, are the large stone buildings of the American Print Works, erected in 1868, the works having first been established in 1835. Immediately beyond the print works are the docks and wharves of the Fall River Line of Steamers to New York, with a number of the large white- painted freight and passenger vessels lying alongside.

Entering Annawan Street, which runs east out of Water Street from opposite the Print Works, and crossing the railroad tracks, we find ourselves at the foot of the hill. Ascending on the left hand side we pass in succession the Metacomet, the Annawan, the Fall River Manufactory, the Watuppa, and the Quequechan and Pocasset mills, the establishments of the oldest companies in the city, although some of the buildings are fine, large, and recent structures Half way up the hill, to the left, at the Fall River Manufactory, Pocasset Street branches out of Annawan, and the factories above that concern border on it. At the top of the hill Pocasset crosses Main Street. Looking from the northwest corner, before USiS??? the central business portion of the city. To the right, corner of South Main and Pleasant streets, is the Borden Block, an immense structure of pressed brick with freestone trimmings, four stories in height, and containing the Academy of Music, the largest auditorium in the city, in which are held theatrical entertainments, lectures, meetings, etc.. In front of our position is tile remodeled City Hall, the inside of which was burned March 19, 1886.

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Crossing Main Street, we have a view of the entire length of the Granite Block, built in 1844, and so named on account of the material of which it is built. It extends from Pocasset to Central Street, twenty-six windows in length, four stories in height, and is as large as a factory, although somewhat more pleasing in design. Looking in either direction from this position the chief business blocks are almost all in sight, and as one passes along, glimpses of the bay are obtained through Pocasset and Central streets. The wide portion of the street extending from Pocasset to Central Street, and out of which on the east run Pleasant and Bedford streets, and at either end, respectively, North and South Main streets, is called Main Street, and is the business centre of the city. From this central square the horse- cars traverse the city to all the chief suburbs: along South Main Street to the Globe Village; down North Main to Bowenville and Steep Brook; eastward along Pleasant Street to the Flint Village.

Passing up Bedford Street from Main, on the second block to the right, is the United States Custom House and Post- Office, a really magnificent edifice, one of the finest government buildings in the country. It is built of gray rock-faced ashlar,, with carvings, decorations, and trimmings in red and gray granite, is three stories in height with a steep roof, and at either end on the Bedford Street front are circular pavilions projecting from the main body of the building from top to bottom. Between these pavilions or towers, on the ground floor, are the entrances to the post- office through five broad archways separated from each other by large monoliths of polished red granite, surmounted by elaborately carved capitals of gray granite. On this front, which is 115 feet long by 92 feet in height, there is considerable carved work of a high degree of excellence. The building has a frontage on Second Street of eighty- feet, and the design of the entrance way here is a beautiful piece of architecture. The construction of the building was begun in 1875 and it was ready for occupancy in 1880. The whole cost, including land and the furniture, was about $500,ooo.

Immediately beyond the Custom House Building, the end of the Troy Mill abuts on Bedford Street. This is one of the two oldest concerns in the city, and is at the head of the water- power on the stream. Rock Street runs out of Bedford Street to the left just beyond the government building, and leads up a gradual ascent. Going up this street the first noticeable structure is the Central Congregational Church on the left, between Bank and Franklin streets, erected in 1875, and considered the most beautiful church edifice in the city. It is built of fine brick, with sandstone trimmings in the Victorian early English gothic style, and has a fine tower and spire. One street further up, on the left also, is the Church of the Ascension, Protestant Episcopal, built of stone, with brick trimmings.

We now approach on the right the most beautiful building in the city, and which is beside a monument of the public spirit of a scion of one of Fall River's most eminent and honored families. This is the magnificent edifice of the B. M. C. Durfee High School, situated on an elevated site near one of the highest points of land in the city. It is the most conspicuous object seen on approaching the city from the west or south, and from its towers commands comprehensive views of the entire landscape. The building is four stories in.

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height, built of granite, with a slate roof, in the modern renaissance style. The principal features are a clock tower, an observatory tower, and a central pavilion with steep roofs. It was presented to the city by Mrs. Mary B. Young, as a memorial of her son, Bradford M. C. Durfee, who died September 13,1872, in his thirtienth year. The construction was begun August 13, 1883 the building was dedicated June 1st, 1887 and the title to the structure with its contents and furnishings, consisting of chemical, mechanical, and philosophical apparatus, and all necessary conveniences, was turned over to the city, accompanied by the sum of $50,000, the income of which is to be devoted to the use of the school in certain branches. The building is devoted to the purpose of a High School for the city, and its equipment is probably unsurpassed in the country. It contains a fine gymnasium, a drill hall, laboratories, and an astronomical observatory. This observatory is in a tower specially constructed, which is surmounted by a dome made of iron and steel, weighing six tons, poised on rollers, and so evenly balanced that a child can move it. The dome is seventeen feet in diameter, and contains an equatorial telescope with an object glass eight inches in diameter made by Alvan Clarke & Sons, of Cambridge, Mass. In the south tower is a large clock and a chime of bells.

Rock Street is the place of the aristocratic residences of Fall River. Beyond the High School, the street reaches the summit of the hill, and many of the residences here are palatial in their size and appointments. Looking westward, extensive views are obtained of the city, Mount Hope Bay, the shores of Bristol and Warren, and the islands and waters of Narragansett Bay. Following the street to the brow of the hill, a fine view northward is obtained of a portion of Bowenville and some of its factories, and of the lower reaches of the Taunton River, with alternate capes and bays, and the white spires and houses of the town of Somerset on the western bank, miles away.

Returning down Rock Street and feasting our eyes on the succession of views of the bay to be had, let us pass down Locust Street to North Main. Proceeding south toward the centre of the city, on the left, near the corner, is the Unitarian Church, a brown, wooden structure. One street beyond, and on the left, back from the street, is the Friends' Meeting- house, a square wooden building. Almost across the street, on corner of Pine, is the brick church of the First Baptist Society, built-in 1850.. On the southern corner of Pine is the fine three-story Brown building on the second floor of which the Free Public Library is now located. Next adjoining is the Sargent building, a very beautiful structure. On the right, at the corner of the next street, Elm, is the stone church of the First Congregational Society, built in 1832. We are now in a region of tall brick buildings, banks, and hotels, and crossing one street more, we are in Main Street in front of Granite Block.

To reach Bowenville, take a horse- car passing down North Main Street. After a ride of a mile and a half along this thoroughfare, the latter portion through a region of substantial residences of wealthy or middle- class citizens, the route leads down a sharp incline into Bowenville, which is situated on a plain bordering the Taunton River. There are here seven large factories, and in the neighborhood of each are the corporation houses. There are also many houses owned by the working people, or by persons other than the corporations. The spaces between these houses are ample, and the whole neighborhood gives the impression of roominess. Each corporation's tenements and the houses in the immediate neighborhood usually go by the name of the corporations, and constitute a separate village. On the heights just south of the tenement district are the palatial residences of the north end of Rock Street and its neighborhood. To see the southern section of the city, let us proceed along South Main Street. The first street to the right is Annawan, and looking down the street on the south side we see the United Presbyterian Church. The next building beyond the corner of Annawan, on North Main Street, is the First Methodist Episcopal Church, a large wooden edifice with a tall steeple and some stores built on the front. On the same side of the street, between Annawan and Spring streets, are the St. John's Episcopal and the Second Baptist churches. On Spring Street, a short distance up the hill from South Main Street, is St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, a beautiful gothic edifice, built of granite, and with a graceful tower. To reach Globe Village, the southern extremity of the city, take a South Main Street car. A ride of about half a mile will bring us to the park, which extends down the slope from the street to the bay, is sixty acres in extent, having a length of 3,800 feet and a breadth of 800 feet. The park is finely located to receive the benefit of the delightful breezes from the bay, and while still defective in certain points, is a pleasant place of resort on a warm summer afternoon. On the upper portion of it is a fine band stand. Anothe mile brings us into Globe Village where, on the high lands around Laurel Lake, a small body of water, are a number of large factories. A small cotton mill was started here in 1811, but was not a success. The Globe was then in Rhode Island, and so continued until

the settlement of the boundary in 1862 The tenements here are of

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the same general character as those seen in other sections. Between the mills on the hil and the Taunton River is the older portion of the village, which also contains several factories. The Globe Village in some portions has a more ancient appearance than any other section of Fall River. The Flint Village is the eastern section of the city, and is reached by the horse- cars along Pleasant Street. Between Main Street and the end of this route, the majority of the mills in the city are passed. As the car proceeds up Pleasant Street, the first factory is the Troy Mill on the left; then on the right, some distance back from the street and along the bank of the river, are the Wamsutta Woolen Mills. In quick succession then follow, on the right, the three Union and the three Durfee mills, after passing which, Eight Rod Way, a broad avenue leading southward out of Pleasant Street, is reached. On Eight Rod Way, near Pleasant Street, is the Crescent Mill, and a' short distance up the Way is the station of the New Bedford Railroad. On the other side of Pleasant Street from its junction with Eight Rod Way, are the Granite Mills, and just beyond along the street is the Merchants Mill, the largest single mill in the city. Nearly half a mile beyond, on the left, is the Stafford Mill, and another half mile brings us into the centre of Flint Village, where along the river bank are the Barnaby, the two Wampanoag, the Flint, the Seaconnet, and the Merino mills. This section of Fall River is newer looking than any other, but it is fast putting on a finished and comfortable appearance. Notes on some of the Industries of the City. The general book and stationery business conducted by Robert Adams, at 19 South Main Street, was established in 1842, and has been in its present location since 1873. Here are to be found the largest stock of books in the city, and a good circulating library well supplied with standard authors and the most popular recent works. Books not in stock will be sent for promptly from the publishers on order. Artists' materials, fine stationery, and a large line of articles in allied lines are constantly kept on hand. Special attention is given to orders for all sorts of printing, and blank books of all kinds and descriptions are made up carefully and expeditiously. Subscriptions to magazines and periodicals are received and all the details carefully attended to.

On the left-hand side of the beautiful entrance to Oak Grove Cemetery at the end of Prospect Street, is the yard and monument works of Alexander Lawson. Here monuments, headstones, curbing, and all kinds of cemetery work in marble and granite are executed in excellent taste and style. New and original designs are always on hand, and the quality of the workmanship is always equal to the best anywhere. Ten or twelve men are constantly employed, so that orders at any time can be executed promptly. The location of Mr. Lawson's yard is particularly convenient, as it affords facilities for the easy transfer of the perfected work to its destination, while at the same time the position is most appropriate for the giving and receiving of orders for this class of work.

Fall River 22

The only shore resort in the immediate neighborhood of Fall River is Riverview Garden, in the village of Steep Brook, three miles north of the city, on the Taunton River. It occupies an excellent position, fine views up and down the river being obtained from the grounds. Clam dinners are served in the regular Rhode Island style in a commodious and airy dining hall, capable of seating three hundred persons at once. O n the grounds, which are quite extensive are a covered ice cream cafe, an excellent set of swings, hobby horse, plenty of seats, grassy lawns, shade trees and awnings. Northward from the main grounds is a large athletic ground which forms a natural amphitheatre, affording excellent opportunity from two stands, one at either end, and from the banks surrounding it, for witnessing games. The Steep Brook station is only three minutes walk distant, while the horse- car terminus is only two, minutes walk. Shore dinners are served ever y Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday under the personal supervision of Mr. Richard Whitehead, the proprietor. In the vicinity there are excellent facilties for boating, bathing and fishing. In the large building on the street at the entrance is a fine dance hall for the accommodation of parties. In a manufacturing city such as Fall River, with its Numerous factories, many lines of work; are developed with special reference to the local demand. This is particularly true of the business of the Clarkson Steam Heating Company, 44 Second Street, whose principal work is heavy piping for trills, the putting in of the immense quantities of steam and water pipes required for the heating and sanitary arrangements in these mammoth structures. The company's Specialty is heavy steam work, and the remodeling in existing mills of their heating arrangements for the purposes of securing greater efficiency and economy. They do any manner of work that can be done with piping, whether it relates to steam, air, gas, water, sewage, or miscellaneous plumbing, either in mills or dwellings but with the steam work they are particularly at home, and Mr. Clarkson's twenty years of experience in heating private dwellings with hot water or steam, enable them to make the claim that in this line they can do anything that experience has shown to be possible. All kinds of piping for engines' pumps, and boilers are executed in excellent style, and they also erect pumps, boilers, and small engines, and fit valves of all descriptions. Mr. Clarkson has had much experience in fitting up compound engines. Besides all this work the concern deals in steam, gas, and water pipe and fittings of every description, and also in engines, boilers, steam pumps, and engineers' supplies. Get the prices and estimates before going elsewhere. The Boston and Philadelphia Steamship Company, doing a large freight business from Fall River, and whose wharf is located between the Old Colony and American Printing companies' frontage, have a line *from Boston carrying passengers. One of their magnificent steamers sails from end of Long Wharf, Boston, every Wednesday and Saturday, at 3 P. M., and from Philadelphia every Tuesday and Friday, at 12 P.M. capital ocean excursion, giving forty hours at sea. Fare each way $10, the round trip $18, which includes meals and berth. Service unexcelled. (See advertising page following last page reading.) One of the most essential articles required in a cotton mill is what is technically known as " banding," which varies in size from coarse twine to an inch rope used to communicate power from one part of a machine to another, such as spindles, cylinders, and drums. At 83 Prospect Street, Small Brothers make all varieties of banding, besides wrapping twine and clothes lines. Their machines are peculiarly well adapted to the work, and have nearly all been developed from the crude and primitive models to a high degree of mechanical perfection, so that a visitor going through the works is impressed with their efficiency and excellence. The material used is cotton yarn either in the cop, bobbin, or on the beam. The banding is made to the order of the mills, many of which furnish the material. Yarn that is badly tangled or raveled is straightened out here and utilized in the work, thereby saving what would otherwise be only useful for waste. The different varieties of banding made are banding for spinning frames, mule spindle banding, drum, rim and scroll banding. The firm occupies a two-story wooden building, 30 x 40, with a covered rope walk in connection 400 feet long. Their machines, of five varieties and numbering about a dozen in all, are all operated by a ten horse- power engine.

FALL RIVER. 23

No improvement sets off an estate to greater advantage than carefully constructed walks, drives, and sidewalks, and undoubtedly the best materials for these purposes are the compositions so largely in use in recent years. Mr. Charles H. Williston, Pleasant Street, Fall River, makes a specialty of all the best varieties of as, halt and concrete work, not only for the purposes mentioned, but also for roofing, for which these materials are most excellently adapted. He has covered the roofs of some of the largest mills in the city with asphalt, for the preparation of which he possesses the first facilities east of New York, having a mammoth steam mixer by which ingredients are so thoughtfully assimilated with each that they form a perfect roofing or paving material. Much of this excellent result is due to the quality of the asphalt, which is a natural product obtained from the celebrated Lake of Trinidad. Mr. Williston is agent for the asphalt concrete, for Warren's natural asphalt and double roofing, which for cheapness, durability, security against fire and water is enexcelled; and also for the Phenix brand roofing materials.

24???

In 1873, the firm of Peck & White, carriage manufacturers and dealers, I started business in the rear of the City Hall, in the old Ames building which I stood on a portion of the site at present occupied by the new Post- Office. They now have fine quarters at 94 to 1OO Pocasset Street, and have also an extensive manufactory at 27 and 29 Weir Street, Taunton, Mass., in both of which places they construct carriages of all the latest styles, including phaetons, God- cards, Dexter Queen, road wagons, top and open rockaways, Brewster carryalls, and express and business wagons, and make also the Brewster springs and the well-known Peck & White side bars, besides carrying a full line of custom- made harnesses and doing repairing in all its branches. A specialty of the firm that cannot be too highly recommended is a carriage they build for the use of physicians, which is so constructed as to afford thorough protection from the weather, while it is exceedingly easy, comfortable, and convenient. It is known by the name of the physician's scoop.

25???

For all varieties of iron and steel the best place to go is the fine establishment of Congdon,, Carpenter & Company, 50 and 52 Pocasset Street. They 've constantly on hand a full line of heavy hardware, blacksmith's supplies, carriage woodwork and trimmings, tin plates and metals. Recently they have also so put in a large stock of saddlery hardware and horse furnishings, harnesses, blankets, whips, robes, and everything necessary in this department. This store is a branch of the well-known house of Congdon, Carpenter & Company,

THE STRANGERS GUIDE- FALL RIVER.

POINTS OF INTEREST.

Academy of Music South Main, corner Pleasant.

Almshouse, The City, Brownell, west of Highland ave.

American Print Works, foot of Annawan, corner of

Athletic Club, The Fall River, Durfee Block.

Annawan Boat Club House, 76 Davol..

Amory Building, 1 to 13 Pocasset.

Beattie Battery Zinc and Electrical Co.'s Foundry, Bal-

Bible Society, Depository 7 Granite Block.

Borden Block, South Main, corner Pleasant.

Board of Trade, Manufacturers, Pocasset National Bank Building.

Children's Home. 130 Walnut, east of Robeson..

City Hall, Market Square, corner Main and Pocasset.

City Hospital at Alms house.

Convent and Academy of the Sacred Heart, 70 Pro

Convent of the Ladies of Jesus Mary, Mason, corne

Cooperative Building, 112 to 120 Bedford.

Court House, Court Square.

Fall River Hospital,

Fall River Savings Bank Building. 83 North Main.

Flint 's Block Pleasant, corner Third.

Fire Department, Central Building. 1 to 13 Pocasset.

Grab Pond, between Ferry street and American Print

Granite Block, Main, between Pocasset and Central.

High School, Rock, Locust, High and Cherry.

Laurel Lake, a pond about a mile in length, on the hill, at Globe Village

Notre Dame Orphan Asylum, Bassett, corner Mason.

Notre Dame College, 19 Bassett. near Ashton.

Pocasset Block, Main, between Pocasset and Pleasant

Posasset National Bank Building, Main, corner Bedford

Post Office, Bedford, corner Second.

Public Library, Brown's Block, 9?? to 96 North Main.

Slade Ferry Bridge (railway and highway), spanning Taunton river from Remington street,

Bowenville, to opposite shore.

Troy Building, Pleasant, corner Fourth.

Water Works, on shore of Watuppa Luke, end of Bedford street

Mule Spinners Association, Fall River Spinners' Hall, 109 l-2 South Main.

St. Vincent's Orphan's Home. Forest Hill Garden.

St Catherine's convent and Academy, 186 Second.

St Ann's Convent and Parochial School, 16 Grant.

United States Government Building, Second, corner

Woman's Union Day Nursery, 28 Robeson

Women's Christian Temperance Union , 28 North Main,

Halls.

Academy of Music, South Main, corner Pleasant..

Albion Hull, 45 Pleasant.

Brighton Hall, 400 North Main.

Carrollton Hall, 107 South Main.

City Hall. Market Square, corner Main and Pocasset.

Concert Hull, 46 Pleasant.

Forrester's Hall, Troy Building Pleasant.

Garfield Hall, Troy Building, Pleasant.

Grand Army Hall, Borden Block.

Knights of Honor Hall, Flint's Block, Pleasant, corner

Knights of Pythias Hall 83 North Main.

Lincoln Hall, 43 East Main

Lugano Hall, 117 South Mam.

Masonic Hall, 9 Franklin.

Music Hall, 9 Franklin.

Odd Fellow's Hall, Borden Block.

Pocasset Hall over 10 Market Squared,

Spinners Hal;, 109 1-2 South Main.

Star Music Hall, County street.

St John's Hall, 64 Third.

Temple Hull, Troy Building.

Unity Hall, Troy Building.

Waverly Hall, , 48 Borden Block.

Winslow's Hull, 649 North Main, Steep Brook.

WHARVES.

Bowenville wharf, Bowenville.

Brayton's, Davol, corner Central.

City, 76 Davol

Derrick, near Old Colony wharf.

Fall River Iron Works, foot of Central.

Globe, foot of Shawl

Lindsey's, foot of Central.

Linen Mill, foot of Ferry.

Marine Railway, near Rolling Mill.

Massasoit, Davol, between Central street and Rodman's.,

Mechanics Mill, west of the Mills.

New York Steamboat, near foot of Central street,

Oil Works. 18 Davol, foot Pine.

Providence Steamboat, north side railroad depot, near foot Central.

Rodman's, 68 to 64 Davol.

Rolling Mill, near Grab Pond.

Slade's, 14 Davol, near Central.

RAILROAD STATIONS AND STEAM- BOAT LANDINGS.

Bowenville Depot, Old Colony Railroad, Turner, corner Durfee.

Full River and Providence Steamers, near foot Central.

New Bedford and Fall River Railroad, Fight Rod Way, near Pleasant.

Ferry Street Station, Old Colony Railroad, foot of

Fall River line, steamers to New York, funding and railroad station on

Wharf, foot of Central.

LOCALITIES IN CITY LIMITS.

Bowenville, northern Portion of city,, near the river, three-quarters of a mile from City Hall.

Copicut, east side of Watuppa Pond.

Flint Village, eastern portion of city,, along the north bank of Quequechan River.

Globe Village, southern part of the city, a mile and half south of City Hall.

Mechanicsville, a Portion of Bowenville.

Mount Hope Village, a portion of the Globe Village.

Narragansett Village, rear of Narragansett Mills North Main

New Boston. northeastern part of city.

Oak Grove Village, east of Beattie's Stone Yard, between New Boston Road and Locust street.

Steep Brook, northwestern part of the city.

COTTON FACTORIES.

American Linen Mills (two), Ferry.

Annawan Mill, Annawan..

Barnaby Mill, Quequechan, Flint Village.

Barnard Mill, Quequechan, Flint Village.

Border City Mills (two) North Main, Bowenville.

Bourne Mills (one) Laurel Lake, beyond Globe Village, in Tiverton, R. I.

Chace Mills (one), Rodman..

Conanicut Mills (one). Bay.

Crescent Mills (one), Eight Rod Way.

Davol Mills (two), Hartwell..

Durfee Mills (three), Pleasant..

Full River Manufactory, Pocasset.

Full River Merino Mill, Alden, Flint Village.

Full River Yarn Mills (one), Quequechan, Flint Village

Flint Mills (one) Alden, Flint Village. Globe Yarn mills (three) Globe street, Globe Village.

Granite Mills (two), Twelfth.. King Philip Mills (two), Laurel Lake, Globe Village. Laurel

Luke Mills (one), Broadway, Globe Village. Mechanics Mills (one) Mechanicsville,

Bowenville. Merchants Mills (two), Fourteenth. Metacomet Mill Annawan. Narragansett

Mills (one), North Main, Bowenville. Osborn Mills (two), Laurel Lake, Globe Village.

Pocasset Mills (three), Pocasset.

Fall River 27

Quequechan Mills (one), Pocasset.

Richard hard Borden Mill, Rodman.

Robeson Mills (one), Hartwell..

Sagamore Mill, North Main, Bowenville.

Seaconnet Mills (one), East Warren, Flint Village.

Shove Mills (two), on Laurel Lake; one in Globe Village large, the other over the line in Tiverton, B. I.

Slade Mills (one), Laurel Lake, Globe Village,

Stafford Mills (one), Quarry. Tecumseh Mills (two), Hartwell..

Troy Mills (two), Troy, between Pleasant and Bedford. Union Mills (three), Pleasant.

Wampanoag Mills (two), Quequechan.

Weetamoe Mills (one), Mechanicsville, Bowenville

POLICE STATIONS.

No 1.- Court Square.

No. 2.- North Main, corner Brownell

No. 3.- Pleasant, corner Rocliffe.

No. 4.- Freedom.

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

(Central Building, 1 to 13 Pocasset.)

Fire Engines and Stations.

No. 1.- Quequechan, Prospect, corner Highland ave-

No. 3.- Metacomet Central Building

No. 4 - Niagara, Niagara Building, Eight Rod Way. No

No. 6.- Massasoit. Freedom, Globe Village. N

No. 7.- Pocasset, Pleasant, corner Rocliffe. Hook and Ladder Companies.

No. 1.- Reindeer, Central Station, Pocasset.

No. 2.- Antelope. 96 Bedford.

No. 3.- Niagara Building, Eight Rod Way.

Hose Companies.

No. 2.- King Philip, 98 Bedford.

No. 6.- Aunnawan, North Main. corner Brownell.

No. 8.- Cascade, 163 South Main, near Morgan.

PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

Grammar Schools:

B. M.C. Durfee High school, Rook

Borden, Brownell, comer North: Davenport, Branch corner Fourth; Davis,

Quequechan High; Maple; Mor- Slade, South Main corner Slade.

Traingin School.

Robeson, Columbia.

Intermediate, Schools:

Annawan Street; Borden Brownell; Border City, North Main, Bowenvllle

Broadway, corner

Division, Brown Bedford; Brownell, Brownell, Cambridge, corner Corral;

Chace, Warren;

Columbia street; Covel street Danforth street, Davenport, Branch corner

Fourth. Davis

Queguechan; Ferry lane. High street. Bowen street Linden, corner Locust;

Lindsay street

Maple street Morgan street Mount hope avenue; Pine street; Slade South

Main, corner Slade.

Primary Schools.

Annawan street; Bedford street; Border Clty. Bowen street; Broadway: corner

Division;

Brown, Bedford;

brownell, Brownell;, Buffinton street Cambridge, corner Coral; Canal

street; Chace, Warren

Columbia street Covel street; Danforth street; Davenport, Branch, corner

Fourth; Davis,

Quequechan . F Ferry lane, Flint street; High street June street ; Linden,

corner Locust ;

Lindsay street Maple street; Morgan street Mount

Hope: Osborn street; Pine street; Slade, South Main,, corner Slade; Town avenue; Third street Pleasant street.

Mixed Schools:

Copicut; Indian Town: Lower New Boston Steep Brook; Upper New Boston Tucker

street.

CHURCHES.

Baptist. First, North Main, corner Pine.

Temple, 86 South am, between Annawan and Spring.

Congregational Episcopal . First, North Main, corner of Elm. Central, Rook, corner Bank and Franklin.

Central Mission sabbath School, Pleasant, cor. Sixth. Third Hanover, corner

Maple, French, Pleasant, corner Sixth.

Christian. Franklin Street, Franklin, corner Purchase. Boyle Street, Boyle. North, Steep Brook.

Episcopalian.

Church of the Ascension, 44 Rook St. John's, 263 South Main. St. Mark's, Flint Village. St.

James', North Main, opposite Narragansett Mills..

Methodist Episcopal. First, South Main, near Annawan. St. Paul's, Bank,

near North Main.

Quarry Street, 21 Quarry. Brayton, Globe, Globe Village. North. Steep

Brook. Park North

Main, corner Hood Maple Street, (African), 67 Maple.

Presbyterian.

United Pearl, corner Annawan. Westminster, South Main, opposite Washington.

Roman Catholic.

Church of the Sacred Heart, Linden

St. Joseph's, North Main.

St.. Mary's, Spring.

St. Louis', Durfee avenue, corner Eagle

Notre Dame de Lourdes, Bassett, opposite Ashton

St. Ann's. Hunter, corner William.

St. Patrick's, Slade

St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Snell.

Immaculate Conception, Thomas, near County.

Other Denominations.

Friends, 99 North Main

New Jerusalem, 64 Rook, between Cherry and Locust

Primitive Methodist, Eight Rod Way.

Reorganized Church of' Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Claflin.

Unitarian, 113 North Main.

CEMETERIES.

Friends, North Main, corner Hood

North Burial Grounds, North Main, corner Brightman,

Oak Grove, head of Prospect.

St. John's, Brightman

St. Mary's, Amity and Laurel

St. Joseph, Highland avenue